Understanding Gingivitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention
Gingivitis is a common and early stage of gum disease that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. While it is a prevalent condition, many people may not fully understand what gingivitis is and the potential impact it can have on oral health.
What is Gingivitis?
Gingivitis is the inflammation of the gums, typically caused by the accumulation of plaque—a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth. When plaque is not adequately removed through regular brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar, leading to irritation and inflammation of the gingiva, or gums.
If gingivitis is not resolved it can lead to periodontitis, where gum and bone supporting the teeth are lost. It is therefore very important to prevent gingivitis.
Causes of Gingivitis
- Poor Oral Hygiene: The most common cause of gingivitis is inadequate oral hygiene. Skipping regular brushing and flossing allows plaque to build up, triggering inflammation in the gums.
- Smoking and Tobacco Use: Tobacco use can contribute to the development and progression of gingivitis. Smoking weakens the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections, including those in the gums.
- Medical Conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and autoimmune disorders, can increase the risk of gingivitis. Hormonal changes, as seen during pregnancy, menstruation, and menopause, may also play a role.
- Poor Nutrition: A diet lacking in essential nutrients can weaken the immune system and make the gums more susceptible to inflammation.
Signs and Symptoms
- Gum Redness and Swelling: Inflamed gums are often red, swollen, and tender to the touch.
- Bleeding Gums: One of the hallmark signs of gingivitis is bleeding gums, especially during brushing or flossing.
- Bad Breath: The bacteria in plaque release toxins that can cause persistent bad breath.
- Receding Gums: Gingivitis can lead to the gums pulling away from the teeth, creating pockets where bacteria can accumulate.
Preventing Gingivitis
To prevent inflammation of the gums you should:
- Brush your teeth 2 times daily with an electric toothbrush
- Clean in between all your teeth daily, ideally with interdental brushes
- Attend the hygienist every 6 months for instruction on how to clean the areas of your teeth that you are missing. The hygienist will also clean of calculus (plaque that has calcified and stuck to teeth) that is not possible to remove with a toothbrush. This will enable you to clean more effectively at home.
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